Useful
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)
The primary method for working with children affected by pervasive developmental disorders is called Applied Behavior Analysis.
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is a science of human behavior. Over the past 40 years, thousands of studies have documented the effectiveness of ABA across various populations, settings, and behaviors. ABA builds and improves socially significant behaviors through systematic application of interventions based on the principles of behavioral learning theory. The methods developed within ABA are considered the most advanced therapeutic and educational interventions for children with autism and developmental disorders.
ABA considers learning theory, emphasizing the context of the environment.
ABA systematically applies principles of behavior to improve socially significant behaviors and uses methods of experimental analysis to identify variables responsible for organism behavior. It controls and predicts human behavior, exploring the functional relationship between behavior and the environment through objectively observable phenomena rather than hypothetical constructs. ABA has numerous applications, including developing effective programs for children with autism. These programs are entirely based on valid data.
The seven characteristics of ABA are:
● Applicable
● Behavior-focused
● Uses analysis
● Technological
● Conceptually systematic
● Effective
● Universal
(Baer, Wolf, & Risley, 1968)
ABA is a proven effective method for modifying existing behaviors, teaching new behaviors, and inducing missing developmental stages in verbal behavior.
SPECIALISTS
The Registered Behavior Technician™ (RBT™) is the foundational level for professionals who will implement behavior plans and skill acquisition programs developed by their supervisors. RBT specialists can also collect data and conduct specific types of assessment procedures. However, an RBT specialist does not create the child's treatment or assessment plan; they work under the supervision of a BCBA, BCaBA, or FL-CBA. RBT candidates must meet strict criteria outlined on the certified ABA specialists' website www.bacb.com.
Applied Behavior Analysis
Many programs and treatments are recommended for children with autism. After extensive research, professionals in this field recommend a combination of several methods to meet each child's individual needs. One of these methods is Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA). Typically, people associate this method with addressing aggressive behaviors in some children, but it encompasses much more.
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is one of the most comprehensive and effective alternatives for individuals with autism. While ABA is most effective when started before the age of five, it can still benefit preschool-aged children and even adults. The behaviors targeted vary from activities like tooth brushing and dressing to time management. For older students, it can include cooking and vocational skills. This method is research-based and includes academic exercises, useful daily living skills, communication, speech, and cognitive abilities.
APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS IN THREE PARTS
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) consists of three parts: the stimulus (request, command), the behavior in response to the stimulus (response or lack thereof), and the consequence (usually in the form of a reward). Although it cannot teach emotional skills, ABA is beneficial for improving self-care, play, communication, daily living skills, in addition to reducing inappropriate behavior. The goal of ABA is to teach children skills that help their development, increase their level of independence, and improve their overall quality of life.
ABA is not a cure. It is based on the theory that appropriate behavior can be learned at school, at home, or within the community using scientific principles. Skills are broken down into small steps, during which participants receive rewards for their correct behavior. For example, a correct response to the words "Please sit down" might be rewarded with playtime with a favorite toy. When the words are repeated, the correct response should lead to the same reward.
According to Autism Speaks, a typical session of Applied Behavior Analysis lasts 2-3 hours and includes exercises where every aspect of the intervention is tailored to the student's skills, needs, interests, preferences, and family situation. Structured time for each task occurs in short intervals (3-5 minutes). Students receive 25-40 hours of therapy per week. This therapy can be used to provide additional practice of skills and reinforce them.
Results may vary
After 30 years of research, the effectiveness of Applied Behavior Analysis in reducing problem behavior and increasing communication, learning, and appropriate behavior has been proven. Like with other therapies, programs, and treatments, results vary among different children. When considering whether to use a particular program, you should understand in detail what it involves and how it is conducted. Despite having its critics, many parents consider ABA an important part of their children's education.